Art Gottlieb is a local historian on subjects from political and military history who has frequently given talks to the DMA over the past few years. He was formerly a professional curator of naval history and the Technical Director of Exhibits at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum in NYC. In these roles, Art worked regularly with veterans of all services towards the creation of exhibits accurately illustrating the history of 20th century warfare.

From 1989 through 1997, Art coordinated with all branches of the armed services and National Guard towards the preservation of historic ships, aircraft and armor from around the world, and has facilitated the recovery of scores of artifacts from warships slated for demolition from reserve fleets.

For the past fifteen years Art has refocused his professional efforts towards reaching out and addressing the growing needs of aging veterans and their families.  He maintains a private practice as a Counselor and Certified Senior Advisor in Norwalk, CT, and offers pro-bono counseling services to soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.

Art served as an Auxiliary Officer of the United States Coast Guard for 17 years and for 4 years was Commander of Flotilla 7-2, 1st District (Southern Region), Sector Long Island Sound North.

His last talk to the DMA in February was about US Pacific fleet submarines, and this week he will be relating the epic story of the desperate six-year struggle between allied forces and the German navy to control the sea-lanes between America and the British Isles – a battle that, had it been lost, would have profoundly changed the course of World War II.

Arranged by Bryan Hooper

Bryan’s summary of his talk:

Art Gottlieb made his 16th appearance before a DMA audience. The subject was the role played by U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II, a battle that lasted the entire length of the war from September, 1939, until May, 1945. The talk highlighted the contrast between the relatively low-tech environment of the submarine and the increasingly effective use of high-tech countermeasures against the deadly raiders. We learnt that the U-boat of that era was essentially a surface attack vessel that could escape detection by its ability to quickly submerge and maneuver under water; that life on board was an endurance test of various stages of wet discomfort; and, that optically-advanced binoculars frequently helped make up for a lack of radar to find and identify targets.

The conquest of France in mid-1940 opened the door for Admiral Karl Dönitz to operate his growing U-boat fleet from five bases with direct access to the Atlantic. As their attacks became increasingly effective, the need for more and better protection for convoys of goods to the UK and USSR became essential. This was achieved through lend-lease arrangements authorized in 1940 which gave the UK use of 50 previously mothballed US destroyers, and the introduction of destroyer escorts once the USA entered the conflict in 1941. Additionally, the use of huff-duff, the quaint name for high-frequency direction finding technology, coupled with the decryption of the Enigma-coded German radio communications with the submarines significantly aided in locating the U-boat wolf packs. The introduction of longer-range air support, improved depth charges, and the hedgehog weapon with its array of mortars added even more effectiveness to the countermeasures, and by late 1943 the battle had turned in favor of the Allies.

The statistics Art provided about the Battle of the Atlantic are sobering:

• 2900 ships were destroyed, totaling 12 million tons of Allied shipping

• 141 escort vessels were sunk

• Almost 800 U-boats were destroyed

• 28,000 U-boat crew members died

• At 75% this was the highest casualty rate of the German armed services.

Video link to Art’s presentation:  https://youtu.be/Mwh61wlXAnQ